![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
|
Pringle Laboratory Mutualism A mutualism is a cooperative association between individuals of different species. A mutualism may also be a symbiosis. Fungi are commonly involved in both mutualism and symbiosis. I have a long standing interest in cooperative behaviors and the ubiquity and impact of mutualism on organisms’ ecologies. |
|
| Pringle Laboratory, Harvard University, 16 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138 |