Pringle Laboratory, Anne Pringle




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Amanita Genomes

Pringle Laboratory

Genetic Architecture of Symbiosis

Symbiosis is commonly associated with gene loss, but ectomycorrhizal fungi appear to have expanded genomes. The genus Amanita encompasses both asymbiotic and ectomycorrhizal species, and we are currently working with the genomes of six of these species to identify the genetic hallmarks of symbiosis.


Wolfe BE, RE Tulloss, A Pringle. 2012. The irreversible loss of a decomposition pathway marks the single origin of an ectomycorrhizal symbiosis. PLoS ONE 7(7): e39597 [download]

A phylogeny of one group
of transposable elements
in Amanita.

Ascobolus spores being launched from ascus.
Dispersal		 A population of Coccomyces dentatus growing on a leaf. Individuals are delineated by black lines, signalling antagonistic interactions.
Population Biology of
Modular Organisms 		Spores of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi from a North Carolina field.
Cooperation & Interactions		 A phylogeny of one group of transposable elements in Amanita.
Genetic Architecture
of Symbiosis		 A flyer posted in parks around San Francisco, to warn mushroom hunters about Amanita phalloides.
Invasion Biology &
Conservation of Fungi
Pringle Laboratory, Harvard University, 16 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138 | 617-496-9741